Category: War Peace

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2004 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Krieg und Frieden, Militär, be aware: 1,7, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (Institut für Soziologie), Veranstaltung: Sozialer Konflikt, Sprache: Deutsch, summary: Terrorismus und Guerilla als Austragungsformen sozialer Konflikte sind nicht erst seit den Anschlägen und Entwicklungen der jüngsten Zeit ein kontrovers diskutiertes Thema. Seit dem Ende der Kolonialzeit kam es weltweit zur Bildung einer beträchtlichen Zahl unabhängiger Staaten mit heterogenen Gesellschaften. Diese Entwicklung führte in einigen Staaten zu Minderheitenkonflikten, welche unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen durch ethno-nationalistischen bzw. separatistischen Terrorismus und Guerilla ausgetragen wurden.
So auch auf Sri Lanka, wo die „Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam“ (LTTE) etwa dreißig Jahre lang einen militanten Kampf gegen den singhalesischen Staat und ihre Widersacher führte. Das besondere an der LTTE ist jedoch, dass sie im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Terrororganisationen ihrer paintings letztlich Erfolg hatte. Aus diesem Grund und aufgrund der Tatsache, dass der Konflikt zwischen Singhalesen und Tamilen auf Sri Lanka, der in den letzten zwanzig Jahren als offener Bürgerkrieg ausgetragen wurde, kaum in den westlichen Medien präsent conflict und ist, entschied ich mich diese Thematik in meiner Hausarbeit aufzugreifen.

Der examine der LTTE und des Bürgerkriegs auf Sri Lanka liegt im ersten Abschnitt des Hauptteils eine theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen des sozialen Konflikts zugrunde. Neben der Definition und einer Klassifizierung sozialer Konflikte werden in diesem Teil Fragen zu den Strukturhintergründen, zur Bildung von Konfliktgruppen und zu Verlaufsformen sozialer Konflikte beantwortet. Abschließend wird im Kontext einer Definition der Begriffe „Ethnie“, „Ethnozentrismus“ und „ethnischer Konflikt“ auf die Entstehung ebensolcher ethnischer Konflikte in postkolonialen Staaten eingegangen.

Im zweiten Abschnitt des Hauptteils werden „ethno-nationaler“ bzw. „separatistischer“ Terrorismus und Guerilla als Austragungsformen sozialer Konflikte näher betrachtet. Nach genauerer Definition der Begrifflichkeiten erfolgt eine analytische Untersuchung der Taktiken, Techniken und Ziele solcher militanten Organisationen.

Der letzte Teil schließlich befasst sich mit dem empirischen Beispiel Sri Lanka und der LTTE. Neben einer Einleitung zum Konfliktgegenstand und einer Beschreibung des Konfliktverlaufs seit Ausbruch des Bürgerkrieg 1983, werden in diesem Teil der Aufstieg der LTTE zum alleinigen Vertreter der Tamilen auf Sri Lanka sowie die Taktik der LTTE untersucht.

The Promise of Reconciliation? explores the connection among violence, nonviolence, and reconciliation in societal conflicts with questions equivalent to: In what methods does violence impression the reconciliation approach that unavoidably follows a cessation of lethal clash? could an knowing of ways clash has been engaged, with violence or nonviolence, be conducive to the way it might be avoided from sliding extra into violence?The members study foreign impacts at the peace/reconciliation technique in Indonesia's Aceh clash, in addition to the position of Muslim non secular students in selling peace. additionally they study the impact of violence in southern Thailand, the place rebel violence has supplied "leverage" throughout the struggling with, yet negatively impacts post-conflict goals. The bankruptcy on Sri Lanka exhibits that "successful" violence doesn't inevitably finish conflict?Sri Lankan society this day is extra polarized than it used to be sooner than its civil conflict. The Vietnam bankruptcy argues that the increase of nonviolent protest in Vietnam displays a profound lack of nation legitimacy, which can't be resolved with strength, whereas one other bankruptcy on Thailand examines "Red Sunday," a Thai political circulate engaged in nonviolent protest within the face of violent executive suppression. The booklet ends with a glance at Indonesian towns, websites of ethnic conflicts, as strength abodes of peace if violence will be curtailed.

whereas the Islamic Republic has hired a number of options to mitigate the worst excesses of inter-ethnic rigidity whereas nonetheless securing a Shi'a ruled "Persian hegemony," the systematic forget of ethnic teams through either the Islamic Republic and its predecessor regime has led to the politicization of ethnic identification in Iran.

This textbook presents a entire evaluation of other tools and assets of information-gathering for peace and clash scholars and researchers, in addition to the demanding situations provided by means of such paintings.

Research on conflict-ridden societies incorporates designated demanding situations for the gathering and evaluate of knowledge concerning the clash and its actors. First, as a result of the nature of data rising, incentives to misrepresent and propaganda is usual. information assurance is usually terrible and reporting is usually incomplete, selective and biased. moment, the sensitivity of the subject and the questions posed in peace and clash examine implies that entry to and the safety of informants could be a challenge.

Peace and clash study as a self-discipline includes a variety of diverse methods for acquiring empirical details which function a foundation for interpreting quite a few study themes. This e-book presents a accomplished evaluation of alternative equipment and assets of information-gathering for college students and researchers, in addition to the demanding situations offered by way of such paintings. It bargains:

• tools for comparing assets and information
• suggestions on the place forms of details might be found
• advice on utilizing forms of assets, together with information reviews and written narratives
• practical guidance for developing large-scale datasets
• insights and directions for comparative fieldwork, in-depth interviews, concentration teams, and surveys?
• reflection and dialogue on vital moral matters in peace research

This booklet could be of a lot curiosity for college students and researchers of peace and clash experiences, clash solution, battle and clash reports, improvement reviews, safety experiences and IR, in addition to for NGO workers/researchers.

Kristine Höglund is affiliate Professor on the division of Peace and clash learn, Uppsala collage. She has a PhD in Peace and clash examine from Uppsala college Sweden (2004). She is writer of Peacemaking within the Shadow of Violence.

Magnus Öberg is affiliate Professor on the division of Peace and clash study, Uppsala college, and affiliate Editor of the Journal of Peace Research (since 2006). He has a PhD in Peace and clash study from Uppsala collage (2003) and is co-editor of Resources, Governance, and Civil Conflict (Routledge, 2008).

This publication significantly evaluates the turning out to be physique of theoretical literature on ethnic clash and civil battle, utilizing empirical info from 3 significant South Caucasian conflicts, comparing the relative strengths and weaknesses of the to be had methodological approaches.

Eighteen African nations held presidential, basic, or legislative elections in 2011. Elections in 11 of those international locations have been marked by means of violence that ranged from low-level intimidation and harassment to extra intensely violent displacement and dying. Electoral violence of any sort can deter electorate from balloting, discourage applicants from working for workplace, weaken civil society’s scrutiny of elections, and damage the legitimacy of a government.

In balloting in worry, 9 members provide pioneering paintings at the scope and nature of electoral violence in Africa; examine the varieties electoral violence takes; and research the criteria that precipitate, lessen, and stop violence. The e-book breaks new flooring with findings from the one identified dataset of electoral violence in sub-Saharan Africa, spanning 1990 to 2008. particular case experiences of electoral violence in nations akin to Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria give you the context to additional figuring out the conditions lower than which electoral violence happens, recedes, or recurs. Combining issue-driven learn with in-depth empirical insights, participants hyperlink electoral violence to prior histories of violence, shut elections, a state’s declining fiscal fortunes, and susceptible institutions.

Filling a spot within the latest literature on electoral violence, balloting in worry bargains concrete tips on how overseas, local, and native associations may help lessen or hinder electoral violence. the quantity concludes on a hopeful word: Electoral violence isn't inevitable, and knowing the political context within which an election occurs is important to predicting and forestalling violence.

A Dissenting Democracy explores the stress among the need of the total of Israeli society and the proper of the person judgment of right and wrong to take priority over that collective will. the writer explores the dilemmas that stem from such someone stance relating to Jewish political culture.

every one kingdom in southern Africa has a distinct historical past yet in them all socio-economic inequalities and excessive poverty degrees weaken the governments’ legitimacy and signify a problem to types of financial improvement. One key factor seems to be the answer of the land query. This very important main issue impacts either citizenship and democracy within the political platforms of the zone, but no executive has proven the potential or dedication to resolve it. during this quantity top ecu, American and African students discover intimately the connection among kingdom, land and democracy. They research the ancient history of asset allocation and its impression on questions of nationality, the definition of citizenship, human rights and the present political and fiscal techniques in southern Africa.

This booklet severely investigates the discourses and practices of human defense and goals to delve less than the stereotypical imageries representing them. 

 

Drawing on Foucault and Deleuze, the writer methods human safety from a brand new viewpoint, with the purpose of ascertaining what has been in the back of and beneath a definite spatio-temporal articulation of human safety, and with what political implications and outcomes. every one human safeguard assemblage consists of messy discourses and practices that are loosely similar and occasionally even disconnected. This booklet examines the Canadian and jap articulations of human safety and establishes the types of structural terrains have enabled, formed, or blocked the unfolding of those types of human defense. The pivotal competition of the ebook is that Canadian and eastern articulations of human defense were diversified simply because they've got grown from totally different household economies of strength governing the connection among the nation equipment and the non-profit and voluntary quarter. whereas the Canadian human defense assemblage has been formed via differences within the country’s complicated liberal version of presidency, the japanese has been formed through the continuities of Japan’s bureaucratic authoritarianism. a unique technique is hired for the similar process-tracing: a normal sequence linking structural stipulations with real articulations of the human safeguard initiatives, and their additional improvement, together with research in their unintentional consequences. 

 

This ebook could be of a lot curiosity to scholars of serious safety reviews, human safeguard, worldwide governance, international coverage and IR/Security studies.

 

 

during the last fifty years the Cyprus challenge has become considered as the archetype of an intractable ethnic clash. on the grounds that 1964, the United international locations has been on the leading edge of efforts to discover a political approach to the dispute among the island's Greek and Turkish groups. And but, regardless of the lively involvement of six Secretaries-General (U Thant, Kurt Waldheim, Javier Perez de Cuellar, Boutros Boutros Ghali, Kofi Annan and Ban Ki-Moon), each try and succeed in a collectively appropriate resolution has failed. right here, James Ker-Lindsay attracts jointly new and unique views from the prime specialists on Cyprus, together with lecturers, policy-makers, politicians and activists. All have addressed one deceptively uncomplicated query: 'Can Cyprus be solved?' Resolving Cyprus provides a accomplished evaluation of the Cyprus challenge from a number of methods and gives new and cutting edge rules as to how you can take on one of many longest working ethnic conflicts at the global level. This represents an important contribution to the physique of labor on Cyprus, and should be required interpreting for all these following the debates surrounding the Cyprus problem.